Honors Biology Final Practice Exam

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• Which term is a situation in which allele frequencies remain constant?
• Physical traits are called?
• A structure composed of multiple tissues that performs a specific function is called
• What is the term for a chart showing the presence or absence of a trait according to family relationships?
• The point at which the duplicated strands of DNA are attached is called what?
• Which term describes the attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules?
• What is produced when ATP synthase combines ADP with phosphate?
• A solution with equal concentrations of solute on both sides of a membrane is described as which type?
• The cycle in which a virus actively destroys the host by replication and lysis is called what?
• What term describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
• Which type of asexual reproduction involves DNA replication and division to form two identical daughter cells?
• Which chromosomes determine an individual's sex in humans?
• What is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus, described as a gel-like fluid?
• Which term is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment?
• Which component gives the cell membrane its flexible structure and helps form a barrier between the cell and its surroundings?
• What are the basic units of life?
• During cell division, the genetic material condenses into discrete structures.
• Which pattern describes a situation where the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed in the heterozygote?
• Which organelle is often described as the cell's recycling center due to its digestive enzymes?
• Which mode of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent?
• What is the term for the uptake of environmental DNA by a bacterium resulting in a permanent genetic change?
• Angiosperm whose seeds have TWO cotyledons
• Which term matches the definition: transfer of pollen from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte?
• The ATP and NADPH produced during light-dependent reactions are used in which process?
• The term for a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes and genes is?
• Which process releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?
• Which set of reactions uses ATP and NADPH to synthesize sugars?
• What is the interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another?
• Which short hairlike projection on cells is primarily involved in movement or moving substances along the surface?
• In mature mRNA, which segments are retained after RNA processing?
• A protein on the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions to pass, converting ADP to ATP, is known as?
• Which type of cells enclose their DNA in nuclei and contain membrane-bound organelles?
• Which vascular tissue carries water upward from the roots to the rest of a plant?
• Which transport process uses protein channels and does not require cellular energy?
• Which molecule acts as a high-energy electron carrier produced during the light reactions?
• Which term describes immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another individual?
• What term describes body parts that share a common function but do not have a common evolutionary origin?
• Which lipids assist in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins and are components of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones?
• What term refers to structures shared by related species inherited from a common ancestor?
• A solution with no net movement of water across the membrane is described as
• What is the small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores food?
• If an organism is homozygous recessive for a trait, which description fits its genotype?
• Which term refers to the formation of new species?
• Which term describes the overall process of using DNA to produce functional products in cells?
• A growth pattern in which a population grows at a constant rate per individual per time is described as ...
• What term describes a gene located on a sex chromosome?
• Organisms that make their own food are called?
• What is the second stage of cell division, the division of the cytoplasm?
• Which site within the chloroplast hosts the Calvin cycle?
• What term describes the photosynthetic membranes where light-dependent reactions occur?
• Which organelle contains chloroplasts and is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
• A specific characteristic is called a what?
• Which molecule carries the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
• What term describes the photosynthetic structure described as 'a stack of pancakes'?
• Which term refers to the global sum of all ecosystems, including all life on Earth and their environments?
• Which term describes an organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer?
• Pathways of cellular respiration that do not require oxygen are described as?
• Which molecule is described as a nucleic acid with ribose as its sugar, a phosphate backbone, and nitrogenous bases?
• Which term describes a single step in energy transfer from one organism to another?
• Which organelle is described as the cell's 'powerhouse' because it generates ATP?
• Which molecule acts as an electron carrier that is reduced to NADH during cellular respiration?
• What are the saclike membranes that organize photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts called?
• Angiosperm whose seed have ONE cotyledon
• Genetic makeup is called?
• Which term describes structures that have a reduced function but were functional in ancestors?
• Which concept states that all living things are made up of cells and that new cells arise from existing cells?
• Which statement accurately describes Eukaryotes?
• Which organelle is involved in assembling lipid components of the cell membrane and processing materials that are exported from the cell?
• Which process in cell division reduces chromosome number to form haploid gametes?
• Which term describes random changes in allele frequencies in small populations?
• RNA that carries instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins from DNA to other parts of the cell is known as what?
• Each three-letter 'word' of the genetic code in mRNA is called a?
• Which process describes a population increasing rapidly when resources are abundant and then slowing as resources become limited?
• Mutations caused by external agents like chemicals or radiation are called what?
• What is the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells?
• Which small particles of RNA and protein in the cytoplasm produce proteins by following instructions from DNA?
• Which small organelles are filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins?
• Which term describes an organism that makes its own food using light or chemical energy?
• Selection by humans for breeding useful traits from natural variation is known as
• Which chloroplast compartment surrounds the thylakoid membranes?
• Unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop are known as what?
• Which term means a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area?
• Which term refers to the series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten?
• An organ that serves no useful function in an organism is called a
• Which diagram illustrates the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?
• The movement of individuals out of a defined area is called ...
• A heterozygous organism for a trait will display which phenotype if the trait shows complete dominance?
• Which principle states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive?
• What is the term for the type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm?
• The term for a cell containing a single set of chromosomes and genes is?
• A nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection is called what?
• Which term matches the definition: male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament?
• The developmental stage of living things is called a(n) what?
• Which structure is described as a microtubule that helps organize cell division?
• Which pattern of inheritance involves expression of both alleles in the phenotype without blending or dominance?
• Which type of cells have the capacity to develop into many different cell types?
• Which term best fits the idea of a trait that increases fitness in a local environment?
• What term describes a gene that has two or more alleles in the population?
• What is the process called when segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules?
• What is the term for the tendency of water to rise in a thin tube?
• The outer protein coat of a virus is known as the
• What term describes the region of the cell outside the nucleus that contains cytosol and organelles?
• Minerals are an example of which category of nutrients?
• Which term describes the complete set of metabolic pathways that transform glucose into ATP using oxygen?
• The three unpaired bases in tRNA that are complementary to one mRNA codon are called what?
• What term refers to chemical or physical agents in the environment that cause mutations?
• What term describes a DNA-cutting enzyme used widely in recombinant DNA technology?
• During transcription, which RNA base pairs with DNA adenine in the template strand?
• Which small, bottle-shaped structure is used by Paramecium for defense?
• A compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria is called an
• Which term describes structures with a similar function across species but different origins?
• When the external solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell interior, the solution is called
• Which term refers to organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?
• Which inheritance pattern occurs when one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in an intermediate phenotype?
• The term for the scientific study of heredity is what?
• Inherited characteristics that are expressed in an organism are called what?
• The flow of genetic information from DNA, through RNA, to protein is best described by which term?
• Which term is the transfer of pollen from the male to the female gametophyte?
• Which term refers to the part of Earth where life exists, including land, water, and atmosphere?
• Which macromolecule provides raw materials for growth and the repair of body structures?
• A person with three complete sets of chromosomes would have which condition?
• Which term describes the network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem?
• Which process allows ATP production to continue in the absence of oxygen by enabling glycolysis to proceed?
• What term describes the force driving the net movement of water into or out of a cell?
• What is the organelle in plant cells that uses sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules?
• What term describes each strand in the duplicated chromosome?
• Which process describes how organisms with favorable variations leave more offspring due to environment?
• What are the remaining pieces of pre-mRNA that are spliced back together to form the final mRNA?
• Which term matches the definition: food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows?
• The movement of individuals into an area that is already occupied by a population is known as ...
• Which term refers to the role or position of an organism within its environment, including how it obtains resources?
• Which symbiotic relationship features both species benefiting from the association?
• Which term best describes the set of genetic material contained within a population, representing its total genetic diversity?
• During photosynthesis, which process directly produces molecular oxygen as a byproduct?
• The process by which autotrophs use energy from sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates is known as?
• The process by which cells become specialized is called what?
• Which term matches the definition: an animal that is able to control its body temperature from within?
• Which term describes the first species to colonize an area during primary succession?
• What term describes an organism that captures energy from sunlight or chemicals to produce food from inorganic compounds?
• Which organic nutrients are required by the body in very small amounts?
• What term describes the likelihood that a particular event will occur?
• Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene are called?
• Which term describes the tissue that nourishes a seedling prior to photosynthesis?
• What is the temporary projection of cytoplasm used by some protists for feeding or movement?
• Which term is the male reproductive part of a flower?
• What term describes a semipermeable membrane that allows some substances to pass while others cannot?
• The 'language' of the nitrogenous bases of RNA is known as what?
• A simple diagram that helps predict genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses is called what?
• Which part of the flower becomes the fruit after fertilization?
• Which term describes the nonliving components of an ecosystem?
• Which structure would you expect to be abundant in plant cells due to its role in photosynthesis?
• Which process best explains how allele frequencies may change randomly in small populations, potentially reducing genetic variation?
• Which process describes the differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on their traits?
• Which term describes a heritable trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce?
• What term describes insertions and deletions that shift the reading frame?
• A group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a function is called an
• Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists is called ...
• What process halves the chromosome number in cells and involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?
• The fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids is known as what?
• Conjugation is observed in which organisms?
• What is the term for the process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst?
• Which phase directly follows prophase in mitosis?
• What are water channel proteins in cell membranes called?
• Which term means an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area?
• Which term refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell interior?
• Which process increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic information between individuals?
• Traits controlled by two or more genes are called?
• A molecule used to respond to a chemical signal; the signaling molecule binds to it is called?
• What term describes structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues?
• Which term refers to plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native?
• Which term describes a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring and is often used for classification?
• Which RNA type carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome to build a protein?
• Which enzyme uses a proton gradient to synthesize ATP?
• In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals for a trait with complete dominance, what phenotypic ratio is expected among offspring?
• Haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism is called what?
• What term describes the movement of individuals into a population's range?
• What are the remaining 44 human chromosomes called?
• Which process does not require oxygen?
• Organic molecules needed by the body in very small amounts are known as what?
• What term refers to a group of organs that perform closely related functions?
• What term describes changes in one or a few nucleotides?
• Inorganic nutrients required by the body in small amounts are called what?
• What tissue lines the interior and exterior surfaces, providing protection and enabling absorption and secretion?
• Which RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
• Conjugation is a form of genetic exchange in which organisms exchange genetic information.
• Which term matches the definition: an animal body temperature is mainly determined by the temperature of its environment?
• A mass of cells is called a what?
• Innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes
• Which term describes the collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment?
• Which term describes the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere?
• What term describes heritable changes in genetic information?
• Which organelle captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?
• The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is known as?
• Which cellular process directly produces a polypeptide from an mRNA template?
• Nerve impulses are carried by what type of cells?
• Which phase is the third stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell?
• Which phase is the second stage of mitosis, during which the duplicated chromosomes' centromeres line up at the cell's equator?
• Which tissue is responsible for voluntary and involuntary movements and includes skeletal muscles as well as cardiac muscle?
• Which term describes an organism whose cells contain nuclei?
• Which term describes an organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen?
• Which phenomenon tends to increase toxins in higher trophic levels, affecting predators more than prey?
• Which term describes the living and nonliving components in a defined geographic area?
• During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at the what?
• Which term describes the immune response that develops after exposure to a pathogen and includes immunological memory?
• Which term means a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus?
• Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are called?
• Which process occurs when cells release energy in the absence of oxygen and often produces byproducts like lactic acid or alcohol?
• What is the kind of virus that infects bacteria called?
• The discipline that classifies organisms and assigns universally accepted names is
• What best describes ATP synthase?
• Which mutation type results from insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame?
• The factors that are passed from parent to offspring are called what?
• Which term describes chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci, one inherited from each parent?
• In a cross between a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive parent, the offspring will display which trait?
• Which statement best defines diploid in terms of chromosome Sets?
• A nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides built from a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base is called what?
• Which compound stores and releases energy and is made of a five-carbon sugar and three phosphate groups?
• Which term means a resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable?
• Which term refers to the DNA and protein complex that makes up chromosomes?
• Which term denotes organisms that have moved into regions where they are not native and disrupt ecosystems?
• Which statement best defines haploid in terms of chromosome sets?
• Which term matches the definition: the seed leaf in a plant embryo?
• What term describes maintaining relatively constant internal conditions despite changes in the external environment?
• Which tissue type is primarily involved in binding other tissues and providing support and structure in the body?
• Which term best describes the overall process of converting glucose to energy in the presence of oxygen?
• What term describes a fertilized egg?
• Water moves across the membrane via aquaporins as part of which general process?
• Which term is the brightly colored structure inside the sepals that attracts pollinators?
• What is the first stage of cell division, during which the nucleus divides?
• Which angiosperm type has two cotyledons?
• In cellular respiration, which stage yields the majority of ATP and occurs in the mitochondria using oxygen?
• Which term is the increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels?
• The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is called?
• The scientific study of heredity is called what?
• Which term describes an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and food supply?
• What term refers to a picture showing the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped in pairs by size?
• Which organelle contains the genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many cellular activities?
• What term refers to a disease-causing agent?
• Which RNA forms part of the ribosome and helps translate the genetic code into proteins?
• Which phase of photosynthesis uses light to produce ATP and NADPH?
• Which symbiotic relationship is characterized by one member benefiting and the other is neither helped nor harmed?
• Which phase is the fourth stage of mitosis, where chromosomes begin to spread into chromatin and the nuclear envelope re-forms?
• Which process results in two genetically identical daughter nuclei during cell division?
• Which term refers to the plant group that bears seeds within protective tissue?
• Which term is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy?
• Which structure forms a strong, supporting layer around the membrane and is found outside the cell membrane in plants and other organisms?
• Which type of cells do not enclose their DNA in nuclei?
• Which term describes organisms produced when parents have different traits?
• The Krebs Cycle occurs in which part of the mitochondrion?
• Which term describes the force or condition that results from differences in solute concentration across a membrane?
• What is the two-part scientific name assigned to each species called?
• Which unit in the chloroplast is responsible for capturing light?
• Which whip-like structure on some cells is used for movement?
• A close biological relationship between two species is known as ...
• Which term would describe the first organisms to colonize a barren landscape?
• What term describes a virus that contains RNA as its genetic information?
• Structures that share a common embryonic origin and are similarly positioned in the skeleton, though they may serve different functions, are called
• Which description matches the first phase of mitosis, where the genetic material condenses and duplicated chromosomes become visible?
• Which type of lipid helps the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and is a major component of cell membranes and nerve cells?
• Which term describes the part that becomes leaves after germination?
• The offspring cross between parents with different traits are called what?
• The series of proteins in which high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP is called the
• Which organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into more convenient forms and is known as the powerhouse?
• What is the production of offspring from two parents, with genetic information from each, called?
• A group of similar cells that performs a single function is known as a
• RNA that transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as specified by the coded instructions is called what?
• Which pathway is the first step in releasing the energy of glucose, breaking it into two molecules of pyruvic acid?
• In binomial nomenclature, the two-part scientific name includes the genus and species.
• The plant's principal pigment that captures energy from sunlight is called?
• Which process is described as decoding an mRNA message into a protein?
• A series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions describes which component?
• Change in a kind of organism over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms is called
• Which whip-like cellular structure is primarily used for movement?
• What term describes an organism with extra sets of chromosomes?
• Which angiosperm type has one cotyledon?
• What term describes a disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth?
• The union of sperm and egg to form a new cell is called what?
• Which term describes an organism that captures energy from sunlight or chemicals to produce its own food from inorganic compounds?
• What is the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent called?
• When male and female reproductive cells join in a process to produce a new cell, the process is called what?
• During which phase do chromosomes spread into a tangle of chromatin and the nuclear envelope reforms?
• What is the term for the process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia?
• What term describes membrane-enclosed structures that carry out specialized functions inside a cell?
• Which organelle is typically the largest in plant cells and stores water?
• What is the in-between period of growth that separates cell division called?
• Which process ensures two genetically identical nuclei form during cell division?
• Which organelle processes and packages proteins from the ER for secretion or delivery to other compartments?
• Which term matches the definition: seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones?
• Which term means a resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes?
• What is the term for the process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA?
• A gene located on a non-sex chromosome is described as what?
• Which term describes the living components of an ecosystem and their interactions?
• Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins surrounded by accessory pigments that absorb sunlight and generate high-energy electrons are called?
• What is the term for a stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast?
• What term describes inherited features that have lost all or most of their original function due to changed pressures?
• External regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells are called what?
• Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are described as?
• Which statement correctly identifies photosystems?
• Which term refers to the vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars from photosynthetic tissues to other parts of the plant?
• Which tissue type lines surfaces and cavities, enabling protection and absorption?
• Which concept is used to study how traits are passed through generations within a family?
• The maximum population size that an environment can support over time is called ...
• Which stage uses ATP and NADPH to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and occurs in the stroma?
• Saclike photosynthetic membranes that are interconnected and arranged into stacks are called?
• What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
• The growth pattern where the rate of population growth slows and levels off after an initial exponential increase is called ...
• Which cellular component provides structural support and also serves as tracks for movement of materials within the cell?
• What term is used for the full set of genetic information carried in an organism's DNA?
• What do we call physical, nonliving factors that shape an ecosystem?
• Organisms that have two identical alleles for a gene are called?
• The cycle in which a virus integrates its genome into the host's genome without immediately destroying the host cell is called what?
• Short-term immunity caused when antibodies produced by other animals for a pathogen are injected into the body is called what?
• What does a Punnett square primarily help predict in a genetic cross?
• Which term describes the relationship where the parasite benefits and the host is harmed?
• Which term matches the definition: outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing?
• If the external solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell interior, the solution is called
• What region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts is the site of carbon fixation enzymes?
• Which term refers to the chromosomal set that determines sex in humans?
• Sugars and starches that serve as a major source of energy are classified as what?
• Long chains formed by joining amino acids together are called?
• Which term describes a chemical used by living things to store and release energy, such as in cellular respiration?
• What enzyme cuts DNA at precise sequences to produce fragments?
• Which enzyme binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands?
• The number of individuals per unit area is referred to as ...
• Which term refers to the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain indefinitely?
• The light-independent reactions are also known as what?
• Which term matches the definition: brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower?
• Which term describes a dormant, resistant form that bacteria form to survive unfavorable conditions?
• What term refers to the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and how the organism uses those conditions?
• Which stage of energy extraction in cells is characterized by breaking down glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm?
• Which process describes the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?
• Which concept describes the change in allele frequencies in a population over generations?
• Which term describes chromosomes that pair with their counterpart from the other parent during meiosis?
• Which molecule acts as an electron carrier that becomes NADPH by gaining two electrons?
• Which vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis?
• Which macromolecule is primarily used for growth and repair of body structures?
• Which process requires direct involvement of light and occurs within the thylakoids, producing ATP, NADPH, and oxygen?
• Which concept describes the long-term persistence of allele frequencies in a population in the absence of evolutionary forces?
• An electron carrier that converts to NADPH when carrying two high-energy electrons is?
• What is the process by which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells?
• Which term means rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids?
• What are the stacks of thylakoids called?
• What is the process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen?
• Which tissue provides support for the body and connects its parts, and is commonly found under the skin and around organs?
• The combined genetic information of all individuals in a population is called the ...
• During cellular respiration, which stage breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions?
• What is the step in a food chain or food web called?
• What are large sac-like, membrane-enclosed structures that store materials such as water and nutrients?
• Flowering structure in which haploid make gametophytes are produced
• Which tissue type is specialized for receiving and transmitting nerve impulses, and is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves?
• Which term describes the diploid, or spore-producing, phase of a plant or organism?
• What technique separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field?
• Which process is the first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, producing ATP?
• During meiosis, what process involves the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes?
• Which stage of cellular respiration directly uses oxygen in its terminal step?
• Which statement accurately describes Prokaryotes?
• An organism that requires oxygen to survive is called what?
• Which cellular structure is a network of protein filaments that helps transport materials, maintains cell shape, and is involved in movement?
• What term describes the perfect fit between nucleotides, such as A with T and C with G?
• Which enzyme joins individual nucleotides to produce a new DNA strand?
• What term describes the biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem?
• What is the process by which one type of bacterium is permanently changed into another?
• An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival is called an
• Immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, resulting from the immune response is called what?
• Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in plants to drive photosynthesis?
• What term refers to genetic information packaged into structures called DNA?
• RNA that contains instructions for making proteins on ribosomes is called what?
• What is the separation of paired alleles during meiosis called?
• What are the different forms of a gene called?
• In plant life cycles with alternation of generations, the phase that produces gametes is called what?
• What is the symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and harms it?
• Flowering plant; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protect the seed
• What are the sex cells called?
• Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis in cells and is found throughout the cytoplasm?
• Which term describes the uncondensed DNA-protein complex within the nucleus during much of the cell cycle?
• Which term matches the definition: early growth stage of a plant embryo?
• Which portions of pre-mRNA are cut out and discarded during processing?
• Which stage of cellular respiration uses pyruvate to release carbon dioxide and generate energy carriers in a cycle?
• Which pigment captures light energy for photosynthesis?
• Which principle states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes?
• What genetic error occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis?
• Which molecule carries energized electrons to drive carbohydrate synthesis in photosynthesis?
• Which term describes an organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live?
• Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or release?
• Injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity is known as what?
• What is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA prior to division, occurring in late interphase?
• Which process requires oxygen?
• The organelle in protists used as a defense mechanism by discharging threads is called what?
• Which term describes the process by which a cell divides to produce two new daughter cells?